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This is the VOA Special English Education Report.

Surveys of American teenagers find that about half of them do not get enough sleep on school nights. They get an average of sixty to ninety minutes less than experts say they need.
미국 10대 들에 대한 조사에 따르면 대략 그들의 반이 평일에 충분한 잠을 못 이룬다고 합니다. 그들은 전문가들에 따르면 그들이 필요한 잠의 평균 60-90분 적은 수면을 취한다고 합니다.

school nights:평일저녁


One reason for this deficit is biology. Experts say teens are biologically programmed to go to sleep later and wake up later than other age groups. Yet many schools start classes as early as seven in the morning.
이러한 부족에 대한 한 가지 이유는 생명작용입니다. 전문가들에 의하며 십대들은 다른 연령대보다 늦게 자고 늦게 일어나도록 생물학적으로 짜여졌다고 합니다. 그러나 많은 학교들은 아침에 7만큼 이른 시간에 수업을 시작합니다.

biology: 생물학, 생명작용


As a result, many students go to class feeling like sixteen-year-old Danny. He plays two sports, lacrosse and football. He is an active teen -- except in the morning.
결과적으로 많은 학생들은 16살, Danny처럼 느끼며 학교에 갑니다. 그는 아침만 제외하면 활동적인 십대입니다.

DANNY: "Getting up in the morning is pretty terrible. I'm just very out of it and tired. And then going to school I'm out of it, and through first and second period I can barely stay awake."
Danny: 아침에 일어나는 것은 매우 끔찍합니다. 저는 단지 멍하고 피곤합니다. 그리고 학교에 가면서 정신없구요. 첫 시간과 둘째시간 거의 잠에서 깨어있을 수 없습니다.

Out of it 이라는 표현은 be ,look , feel 등의 보어로 쓰일 경우 어찌 할 바를 모르는
'머리가 멍한' 뜻입니다.


Michael Breus is a clinical psychologist with a specialty in sleep disorders.
Michael Breus는 수면장애를 전공한 임상 심리학자입니다.


MICHAEL BREUS: "These aren't a bunch of lazy kids -- although, you know, teenagers can of course be lazy. These are children whose biological rhythms, more times than not, are off."
Michael Breus: 이들은 한 무리의 게으른 아이들이 아니다. -- 알다시피 십대들은 물론 게으를 수 있지만. 이들은 생체리듬이 종종 제대로 작동하지 않는 아이들입니다.

more times than not:자주, 대개
be off: 기능이 떨어지다. 제대로 작동하지 않다.
biological rhythm =생체리듬(BIORHYTHM)


Teens, he says, need to sleep eight to nine hours or even nine to ten hours a night. He says sleepy teens can experience a form of depression that could have big effects on their general well-being. It can affect not just their ability in the classroom but also on the sports field and on the road.
그는 십대들은 하룻밤에 8-9시간 또는 심지어 9-10시간 잘 필요가 있다고 말합니다. 그는 졸린 십대들은 우울증의 한 형태를 경험하고 이것이 그들의 전반적인 건강에 큰 영향을 끼칠 수도 있다고 말합니다.


Michael Breus says any tired driver is dangerous, but especially a teenager with a lack of experience.
Michael Breus는 어떤 지친 운전자도 위험하지만 특히 경험이 부족한 십대들은 더 위험하다고 말합니다.


So what can schools do about sleepy students? The psychologist says one thing they can do is start classes later in the morning. He points to studies showing that students can improve by a full letter grade in their first- and second-period classes.
그래서 학교가 졸린 학생들에 대해서 무엇을 할 수 있을까요. 학교가 할 수 있는 한가지 일은 아침에 늦게 수업을 시작하는 것이라고 심리학자들은 말합니다. 그는 1교시와 2교시에 한등급 성적을 학생들이 향상시킬수 있다는 연구를 지적합니다.


Letter Grade는 글자로 표시되는 성적, 즉, A B C D F 성적표에 나오는 알파벳입니다.

보통 성적이 미국의 경우 A+ A A- 이런식으로 나뉘는데, 만약, 숙제를 제출하지 않았거나, 결석이 많아서 교수님이 "Full Letter Grade"를 깎겠다면 A였던 학생은 B가 된다는 뜻이죠.

Full Letter Grade = 한 알파벳 차이...그냥 A+에서 A로 강등시키면 half letter grade가 된다는 표현도 할 수 있습니다.


Eric Peterson is the head of St. George's School in the northeastern state of Rhode Island. He wanted to see if a thirty-minute delay would make a difference. It did.
Eric Peterson은 Rhode Island의 northastern state에 있는 St. George's School 학교의 교장입니다. 그는 35분 연기가 차이가 있을까 보기를 원했습니다. 그러나 차이가 있었습니다.


He says visits to the health center by tired students decreased by half. Late arrivals to first period fell by a third. And students reported that they were less sleepy during the day.
지친 학생의 의료센터 방문이 반가량 감소했다고 그는 말합니다. 늦게 1교시에 도착하는 아이들이 1/3 감소했습니다. 그리고 학생들에 의하면 그들은 낮 동안 덜 졸린다고 합니다.


Eric Peterson knows that changing start times is easier at a small, private boarding school like his. But he is hopeful that other schools will find a way.
Eric Peterson은 시작시간을 변화시키는 것이 그의 학교와 같이 조그만 사립 기숙학교에서는 더 쉽다는 것을 알지만 그는 다른 학교들도 방법을 찾기를 바라고 있습니다.

boarding school: 기숙학교 


ERIC PETERSON: "In the end, schools ought to do what's the right thing for their students, first and foremost."
ERIC PETERSON: 결국, 학교는 다른 무엇보다도 더 그들의 학생들을 위해 올바른 것을 해야 합니다.

first and foremost: 다른 무엇보다도 더 


Patricia Moss, an assistant dean at St. George's School, says students were not the only ones reporting better results.
Patricia Moss, St. George 학교의 부학장은 학생들은 더 결과가 좋다고 보고한 유일한 이들이 아니라고 합니다.

assistant dean: 부학장 


PATRICIA MOSS: "I can say that, anecdotally, virtually all the teachers noticed immediately much more alertness in class, definitely more positive mood. Kids were happier to be there at eight-thirty than they were at eight."
PATRICIA MOSS: 나는 입증되지는 않지만 거의 모든 교사들이 즉각 수업에서 훨씬 많은 기민함을 인지했으며 그것은 명확히 긍정적인 분위기입니다. 아이들은 그들이 8시에 학교가는 것보다는 8:30분에 학교에 갈때가 더 행복합니다.

anecdotally: 입증되지 않는, 일화적인 


And that's the VOA Special English Education Report. You can read, listen and comment on our programs at voaspecialenglish.com. We're also on Facebook and Twitter at VOA Learning English. I'm Bob Doughty.

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