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This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
VOA 스페셜 잉글리쉬 농업보고서입니다.

 Cacao or cocoa trees grow in hot, rainy areas of Africa, Asia and Central and South America. Their beans are used to make cocoa powder, cocoa butter and of course chocolate.
카카오 또는 코코아 나무는 아프리카, 아시아와 중남아메리카의 뜨겁고 비가많은 지역에서 자랍니다.  

There are five to six million growers, maybe more. Many are poor family farmers with only a few hectares.
5에서 6백만 아마도 더 많은 재배자들이 있습니다. 많은 사람들은 단지 몇 헥타아르만 가진 가난한 농부들입니다.

 West Africa produces more than half of all cocoa beans. Ivory Coast leads the world in production, followed by its neighbor Ghana.
서아프리카는 모든 코코아콩의 반 이상을 생산합니다. 코트디부아르는 생산에 있어서 세계에서 앞서가고 이웃 가나가 다음입니다.
Ivory Coast: 코트디부아르의 구칭 The trees are usually in their fifth year when they start to grow the pods that contain the beans. The trees produce the most pods when they are ten, but they are still productive long after that.
그 나무들은 콩을 포함하는 (콩이 들어 있는)꼬투리로 성장하기 시작할때는 대개 5년째되는 해이다. 그 나무들은 10살일때 가장많은 꼬투리를 생산하지만 그 이후 오랫동안 여전히 생산적이다.
pod: (완두콩 등의)꼬투리, 깍지

 

Workers use large knives to cut the lower pods and long tools to remove pods from high on the tree. Later they break open the pods to remove the beans.
노동자들은 아랫부분의 꼬투리를 자르기위해 큰 칼을 사용하고 나무 윗부분의 꼬투리를 제거하기 위해 긴 도구를 사용합니다. 후에 그
들은 콩을 제거하기위해 그 꼬투리를 깨어서 엽니다.

 

A half-gram of chocolate requires about four hundred beans. The World Cocoa Foundation says an average pod contains twenty to fifty beans. And experts say growers can lose perhaps one-third of their harvest to diseases and insects.
반 그램의 초코릿은 약 4백개의 콩이 필요합니다. 세계코코아 기구는 평균적인 꼬투리는 20-50개의 콩을 갖고있다고 전합니다. 그리고
전문가들은 재배하는사람들이 질병이나 해충에 그들의 수확을 약 1/3 잃을 수도 있다고 말합니다.

 

But now scientists have genetic maps of two kinds of cocoa trees. These genomes are mostly complete and could lead scientists to new ways to increase production and prevent disease.
그러나 지금 과학자들은 코코아나무 두종류의 유전자지도를 가지고 있습니다. 이 게놈들은 거의 완전하고 과학자들을 생산을 증가시키
고 질병을 막을 수 있는 새로운 방법으로 이끌수 있습니다.
genome(genom):게놈이란 `유전자(gene)'와 `염색체(chromosome)' 두 단어를 합성해 만든 용어로 우리말로는 '유전체' 라 한다. 게놈이
란 '한 생물체가 지닌 모든 유전정보의 집합체'를 뜻함

 

Mapping genes is the first step to understanding an organism. Next comes learning the job of each gene.
유전자 지도를 만드는 것은 유기체를 이해하는 첫단계이며 다음으로는 각 유전자가 하는 일을 아는것입니다.

 

The American food company Mars took the lead in paying for mapping the genes of the Forastero cocoa tree. The Forastero provides eighty to ninety percent of the world's cocoa beans. Mars depends on those beans for its M&Ms and other chocolate candies.
미국 식품회사 Mars는 포라스테로종 카카오나무의 유전자지도 작성에 솔선해서 경비를 지출하고 있습니다. 포라스테로종은 전세계 코
코아나무의 80-90%를 차지하고 있고, Mars는 M&M 과 다른 초콜릿캔디를 이 콩들에 의존하고 있습니다.

 

The company's research partners included several universities and the United States Department of Agriculture.
이 회사의 연구 파트너들은 여러 대학들과 미국 농무부를 포함합니다.

 

The average West African cocoa farmer produces about four hundred kilos of beans per hectare. But Howard-Yana Shapiro, head of plant science and external research at Mars, thinks that science could greatly increase the yield.
평균적인 서아프리카 코코아 농부들은 헥타아르당 약 4백 킬로그램의 콩을 생산하고 있습니다. 그러나 Mars에서 식물과학과 외부연구
부장, Howard-Yana Shapiro는 과학이 생산량을 많이 증가시킬 수 있다고 생각합니다.
yield: 양보하다,양도하다, 산출하다.

 

HOWARD-YANA SHAPIRO: "There's a yield potential of maybe four thousand kilos, ten times what the average is in West Africa."
HOWARD-YANA SHAPIRO: 서아프리카의 평균수량의 열배, 즉 4000킬로의 수량잠재력이 있습니다.
yield potential:단위면적당 생산가능한 수량.


A competitor of Mars, Hershey's, supported the gene mapping of the Criollo, a far less common cacao tree. Cirad, a French government research center, led scientists from six countries in creating that genome.
Mars의 경쟁사 Hershey는 훨씩 덜 흔한 카카오나무 Criollo의 유전자지도를 지원하고 있습니다. 프랑스정부 연구센터 Cirad는 그 게놈을 만드는데에있어서 6개국의 과학자를 이끌고 있습니다.

 

We'll talk more about the cocoa industry next week, when we look at efforts to help child laborers in Ivory Coast and Ghana.
다음주 우리가 가나와 코트디브아르의 아이 노동자들을 돕기위한 노력을 보게 되는데 그때 코코아 산업에 대해 더 많이 이야기하겠습니다.

 

And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson and Steve Baragona. You can read and listen to our reports at voaspecialenglish.com. And you can watch captioned videos on YouTube at VOA Learning English. I'm Bob Doughty.
Jerilyn Watson 와 Steve Baragona에 의해 쓰여진 VOA 스페셜잉글리쉬 농업보고서입니다. 여러분들은 우리의 보고서를 voaspecialenglish.com에서 읽고 들을 수 있습니다. 또 유튜브에서 자막있는 비디오를 볼 수 있습니다. 저는 Bob Doughty입니다.

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