수의 일치

후치수식어구.ppt
1. and로 연결되는 주어

1) A and B가 하나의 개체를 의미하면 단수이고 두 가지를 의미하면 복수

        The poet and statesman is dead.

        The poet and the statesman are dead.
        brandy and water「물 탄 브랜디」

        a watch and chain「줄 달린 시계」

        a coach and two「쌍두 마차」

        whisky and soda「소다수 탄 위스키」

        needle and thread「실꿴 바늘」

        ham and eggs「계란을 넣은 햄」

        carry and rice「카레라이스」

        trial and error「시행착오」

        all work and no play「일만하고 놀지 않는 것」

        early to rise and early to bed「일찍자고 일찍 일어나기」

        bread and butter 「버터바른 빵」

   2) and 사이의 A 와 B가 [ to 부정사, every, each, no + 단수명사 ]는 단수취급

        단, 동명사 + and + 동명사는 복수동사 사용.

        Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.

        Every policeman and official is on the alert.

※ every(each, no) + 단수명사, each of, either of, neither of + 복수명사, everyone는 단수취급

        Everyone has his opinion.

        Each boy and girl is earnest.

        Each of them does his best.

        Either of the two boys is right.

        Neither of them was diligent.

        Everyone is standing in the class room.

2. either, neither, as well as, not only ~ but also - 해석상의 주어를 찾는다.

    or 일 때는 동사에 가까운 명사를 주어로 한다.     either  A or B - -- + V ( B에 일치)  --- A 또는 B

    neither A nor B - - - + V (B에 일치) --- A도 또한 B도 아니다

    A as well as B - - - + V (A에 일치) --- B 뿐만아니라 A도

    not only B but also A - - - + V (A에 일치) --- B 뿐만아니라 A도

    A or B - - -  + V (B에 일치), V + A or B - - - (A에 일치) --- A 또는 B(실제적으로 둘 다를 의미하기도 함)
 
        Either you or I am in the wrong.

        Neither you nor he is in the wrong.

        He as well as you is happy.

        Not only he but also I am in the wrong.

        He or his neighbors have planted the tree.

        Is the boy or his parents to be helped?

  3. 주의를 요하는 어구     

    many a + 단수명사 + 단수동사 
    many   + 복수명사 + 복수동사. 
    a number of   + 복수명사 + 복수동사. 
    the number of + 복수명사 + 단수동사.(~의 총수) 
   a total of + 복수명사 + 단수동사. (~의 총수) 
   one＋단수명사＋and a half + 단수명사 + 단수동사(2이상만 복수취급) 
   more than one＋단수명사  → 단수 취급 
   more than one of + 복수명사  → 복수취급) 
   a lot of, plenty of는 of의 목적어가 되는 명사에 따라 수 일치시킴
 
      Many a soldier was killed at the field.

      Many boats have been wrecked.

      The number of patients is increasing.

      A number of patients are dying.

      A total of 300 Koreans lives in this country.

      One year and a half has passed since we last met.

      More than one woman was injured.

      More than one of women were injured.

4. none + 단수 또는 복수동사, no one은 언제나 단수 취급

    None were left in the box.………………<복수>

    None but fools have ever believed it.…<복수>

    None of this concerns me.…………………<단수>

    None of the books were helpful!…………<복수>

    No one of the boys is bored with the lesson.…<단수>

5. 부분을 나타내는말 (분수...)  
∵ most, a lot, lots, half, the rest, part, a large part + of + 단수명사   →  단수동사  
most, a lot, lots, half, the rest, part, a large part + of + 복수명사   →  복수동사

∵ all  + 사물  →  단수동사 
     all  + 사람  →  복수동사

∵ 분수표현중 분자가 복수 + 복수명사 → 복수동사 
     분수표현중 분자가 복수 + 단수명사 → 단수동사
 
          All is lost. (= Everything is lost.)「모든 것을 잃었다.」

          All are agreed. (= All people are agreed.)「모든 사람이 동의했다.」

          Two-thirds of my books are novels.

          Two-thirds of milk was spilt on the floor.

          Most of his books are English novels.

          Half of the passengers were injured in the accident.

          A large part of the land is barren.

6. 복수 형태의 주어가 단수 동사를 취하는 경우 · 
  ① 복수형의 단일 국명

  ② 서적, 잡지, 신문등의 이름  (The Times ....)

  ③ 학과명 (mathematics, politics, linguistics, physics, ethics, gymnastics, phonetics ...)

  ④ 일괄하여 단일개념으로 보는 것.

  ⑤ 기타 복수형이면서 단수의 의미를 가지는 명사 -- 복수를 의미할 때는 복수취급가능

[news(소식), works(작품), means(수단, 방법), measles(홍역), billiards(당구) ....]
 

      ① The United States of America is a rich country.

      ② The "Times" is one of the most famous newspapers in the world.

      ③ Mathematics is a difficult subject.   ☞ physics, economics, ethics

      ④ ⓐ Ten years is a long time for me.              (시간)

         ⓑ A hundred miles is not a long distance today. (거리)

         ⓒ Forty dollars was paid for the camera.        (금액)

         ⓓ Twelve pounds is too heavy for the child.     (무게)

         cf) Ten years have passed since he died. (시간의 경과)

      ⑤ No news is good news.

         Measles is generally a children's illness.

         There is no means of learning the truth.

         There are no means of learning the truth.

7. 시간, 거리, 가격, 중량 등은 하나의 단일 개념으로 생각하면 단수동사   그러나 개개의 수를 나타내면 복수

     There were ten people in line already when we arrived.

     Ten years is a long way to walk in a cold weather.

     Three years have passed since I came here.

8. 집합명사는 뜻에 따라 단수 또는 복수취급

    My family is a large one. (나의 가족은 대가족이다.)

    My family are all very well. (나의 가족은 모두 건강하다.)

    There are 3 families in the house. (그 집에는 세가족이 있다.)

참고)  police, clergy, gentry(신사), nobility, peasantry, aristocracy(귀족) 등은 보통 정관사 the를 앞에 써서 복수 취급을 하는 군집명사.

      cattle(소), people(사람들), vermin (해충), poultry(가금) 등은 항상 그대로 복수 취급을 하는 군집명사.

9. 주격 관계대명사 다음에 오는 동사는 선행사의 수에 따른다.
     They live in a house which was built in 1920. (a house → was)

     Those who want to go to college should study hard. (those → want)

10. the＋형용사'는 복수 보통명사의 의미 → 복수취급 
     the + 형용사 가 추상명사의 의미 → 단수취급

     The rich are not always happy. (= Rich people are not always happy. )

     The English are a practical people. (= English people are a practical people.)

     The beautiful is not always the same as the good.