This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, from http://voaspecialenglish.com | http://facebook.com/voalearningenglish

Bees add an estimated eighteen billion dollars a year to the value of American crops. They pollinate flowers that become fruits, nuts and vegetables. But, in recent years, honeybee colonies in the United States and Europe have been shrinking. Scientists have proposed different theories to explain what is known as colony collapse disorder. New research suggests that a commonly used group of insecticides could cause bees to have a hard time finding their way back to their hive. The new research looks at the use of pesticides called neonicotinoids. They were first used in the nineteen nineties. They are now put on the seeds of many major crops around the world. The seedlings absorb the chemical as they grow. That means farmers do not need to spray a whole field. Instead there is a little bit of insecticide inside each plant -- including the pollen and nectar that the bees want.There is not enough pesticide to kill them. But the new research in the journal Science says it may harm them anyway. Researchers stuck microchips to the backs of the bees. These chips recorded the bees' movements as they came and went from their hive. The scientists fed some bees sugar water with a low dose of a neonicotinoid. The study found that these bees were about twice as likely not to return as other bees. Mickael Henry from INRA, the French national agriculture research institute, says the bees basically get drunk. He says, "Intoxicated honeybees with those small doses may just get lost and are not able to find their way back home." For some crops around the world, wild pollinators like bumblebees are more important than honeybees. Dave Goulson at the University of Sterling in Britain worked on another study in Science. He says the pesticides could help explain why bumblebee populations are also decreasing. He says there were eighty-five percent fewer queens produced when they had been exposed to what he called "realistic field levels."Bayer CropScience makes neonicotinoid pesticides. Company spokesman Jack Boyne disputed the findings. He says the authors dosed the bees "at levels far greater than what would commonly be experienced in the field."He also notes that researchers are studying other factors that could affect bee populations. Some European countries have banned the pesticides. And there are growing calls to ban them in the United States as well. For VOA Special English, I'm Carolyn Presutti. (Adapted from a radio program broadcast 03Apr2012)